A few things you can try. In all cases good light is essential, a flash that can be placed close to the subject will enable higher shutter speeds necessary for sharp images.
extention tubes, a set of kenko tubes will reduce the minumum focusing distance. since there is no glasss involved it will not affect IQ.
Tripod. keeping your set-up steady is essential when working with short distances, especially with extention tubes.
A trick many use is a reversed lens mount. There are two types. a) reverse your lense by screwing into the filter threads then mouunting onto your camera. b) mounts a second lens to the front of your lens by screwing into the filter threads of both lenses.
Both types are very inexpensive and very effective. Drawback manual focus only.
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Canon 50D, 70-200 f4L IS, 20-35 f2.8L, 100 F2.8L IS, 300mm F4L IS, 430ex, and assorted gadgets. 
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