Thought this may be helpful to have in the sticky:
Handy Lighting Style/Blog/Tutorial Links
The Strobist
Planet Neil (The anti-strobist)
RussHeath's DIY Striplight Studio (Excellent for advice on cheap hotlights!)
Lighting Definitions - We often throw words out and just assume you've read the same books or tried the same techniques we have, so I'm trying to make a list of the terms that I've seen confuse people or confused me with not-quite definitions to explain them
Bounce - Aiming your light at a nearby object/wall/ceiling in order to reflect the light as larger and softer onto the subject
Butterfly lighting - Used often for glamor type lighting, uses a large soft light placed directly above the camera angled sharply downward and a matching fill light or reflector directly below the camera to create even lighting across a face. Named for
distinctive under the nose shadow
Catchlights - The bright spots in reflective surfaces (eg eyes) that reveal the size and shape of the lighting used
Gels - Semi-opaque plastic materials put between a light source and the scene to adjust the color of the light
Hotlights - Always on lights, includes lamps, spotlights, candles, whatever IE Not flashes
Ringlight - Flash or flash modifier that generally is designed to surround the lens in order to provide soft extremely even lighting (and often provide bright catch lights in the model's eyes.) Often used in glamor type shots.
Strobist - Popularized by the blog above, it's the approach of using a small number (usually one) light off the camera to light your subject while taking advantage of available light when possible