I'm a complete post processing newbie too, so I've been digging around looking for tutorials and explanations. This site:
http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials.htm is excellent so far. It gives a pretty in depth explanations for the basics along with examples after you change different settings. Even without photoshop it should help understand all these crazy terms like levels and curves , I know it helped me even though I still feel in over my head with all this stuff. If you find any good links please share, I'd love to learn more and many different sources always help.