The issue
When photographing subjects with a wide-angle lens, it’s pretty common for perspective problems to present themselves in the form of lines that should be straight, but appear curved and distorted. This is commonly referred to as barrel distortion, which occurs mostly in wide-angle lenses because the magnification of the image decreases the farther the subject is from the optical axis of the lens. In plain speech, it means that when looking through a wide-angle lens, anything that is at the edge of the frame will be prone to appearing curved.
Some lenses such as fisheyes take full advantage of barrel distortion by purposely capturing images that are heavily curved and spherical. However, there are times when other wide-angle lenses such as the Canon 16-35mm, or even mid-range zooms like the 24-70mm, might produce unwanted barrel distortion effects.
The solution
Perhaps the two easiest ways to correct this problem are to either use a tilt-shift lens or to change your perspective and zoom magnification while photographing the subject. But tilt-shift lenses are expensive, and sometimes, such as when photographing a large building, there aren’t a ton of different perspective options. In these cases, the easiest solution to correct correct lens distortion is to do so in post-processing using a unique tool in Photoshop known as the Adaptive Wide Angle filter.
Introduced in PhotoShop CS6, the Adaptive Wide Angle filter removes lens distortions in one of two ways: it either automatically detects the camera and lens model using pre-programmed details to straighten the images, or you can manually set constraints to tell the it which areas of the photo need to be straightened. In this tutorial, I’ll walk you through the manual use of the Adaptive Wide Angle filter.
The example below was photographed in a beautiful brand new bar and restaurant using a Canon 16-35mm f/2.8 at a focal length of 16mm. It was a tight space, so there wasn’t room to back up or shoot the bar from a higher angle, so the resulting image sees quite a few horizontal lines such as the upstairs white railings and granite countertop that clearly should be straight, but aren’t.
To begin correcting these distortions, click on Filter in the upper drop down menu and select Adaptive Wide Angle Filter.
A large dialogue box will then appear with a host of options (see below).
Begin with the right hand panel and choose a correction type from the drop down menu. Typically, I start with Auto, which will attempt for an automatic correction based on lens detection.
In this case, when I select Auto, another pop up window appears saying, “No matching lens profile found.” This means I need to manually adjust the image. Hit the OK button and turn your attention back to the box in the right hand corner.
Besides Auto, the drop-down menu has three other options to choose from. If Auto doesn’t work, I’ll typically choose Perspective as my next correction type.
- Fisheye will correct the aforementioned extreme curves that fisheye lenses purposely cause.
- Perspective will target converging lines typically causes by the tilt and angle of the camera.
- Panorama corrects for distortions caused by photo merging for panos.
- Full Spherical corrects distortions in 360 panoramas shot with a 2:1 aspect ratio.
Other options below the drop down menu include more settings that you can fiddle with to help correct distortions.
- Scale: A value entered here will scale the image to best minimize the blank spots that may be present after the wide angle filter is applied.
- Focal Length: Specify the focal length of the lens that created the image.
- Crop Factor: This can be used in combination with Scale to minimize and compensate for blank areas produced by the filter.
- As Shot: This box can be checked if your lens profile can be detected; if not, this option will be greyed out and you will need to manually specify the values of Scale, Focal Length, and Crop Factor.
Next, turn your attention to the little vertical toolbar in the top left corner. These are the tools you’ll use to define the constraints that indicate which lines in your image ought to be straight. The primary tools to be familiar with are the first two:
- Constraint Tool: This tool is used to draw lines over the areas of the image that you wish to straighten. Simply click once to establish a desired starting point, and click again to close the line, holding down the shift key as well if you wish to add a constraint with a vertical or horizontal orientation.
- Polygon Constraint Tool: This tool functions in the same way as the regular Constraint Tool except it allows you to draw a polygon instead of a single line.
For example, let’s look at the horizontal line of the granite countertop in the image below.
Begin by clicking once on the left end of the line to set one constraint point, then click once on the right end of the countertop to close it. After you set the line, right-click on it and you’ll see a small menu appear allowing you to assign either a Horizontal, Vertical, or Arbitrary constraint to the line. The default constraint is Unfixed, but in this case we want to assign a Horizontal constraint to straighten the line width-wise. In order to automatically assign a constraint to a line, hold down the shift key while in the process of creating the line. In between the two constraint points, there will be a yellow line (if you held down the shift key) or a blue one if you didn’t, indicating where the straightening occurred.
You can set as many constraint lines as needed until your image is corrected to your satisfaction. Constraint lines typically should be vertical and/or horizontal. Some other tools in the toolbar that can help with this are the Move, Hand, and Zoom tools that allow you move the image around to make the adjustments needed. Additionally, there is the Magnification of the preview in the lower left corner that allows you to zoom in and help you see where to plant constraints.
After you have corrected the image to your liking, hit the blue OK button to apply the filter.
BEFORE
AFTER
How do you correct distortion for your wide-angle images? Share in the comments section below.
