You've discovered a fundamental problem with moon photos -- the moon is SO much brighter than everything else in the night sky, that you just can't get a properly exposed moon and any other subject together in the same photo. I suggest photoshopping it -- take a properly exposed moon photo, and take a properly exposed cloud photo, and clone the moon into the photo.
If you're worried about clouds moving, then that's tough. You could wait for a less windy night, and you could try lowering your aperture (try f/8 at least) and raise your ISO (even ISO 400 should be fine). That could let you speed up the shutter speed enough to avoid too much motion blur. Especially if you're combining two exposures together (to get the moon right), this will look OK.
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