The D80 sits between the XXXD and XXD lines on the Canon side (i.e., it's between an XTi and 40D, all are one generation back from the current models which is generally the sweet spot bang-for-the-buck-wise). But the biggest reason to get the D80 is because it doesn't have the focus-motor issue of the D40/D60 entry-level bodies (which only autofocus with AF-S lenses). On the Canon side, this is a non-issue. Even the lowly XS can autofocus with all EOS lenses.
On a budget but looking at the latest models, you're probably looking at either an XS (1000D) or an XSi (450D). Kitted with the 18-55 IS, the XS goes new on Amazon for $480. The XSi for $635. The D80 kitted with an 18-55 goes for $650. The 40D
body (no lens) goes for $800 new on Amazon, ~$700 on the used market.
I'd say getting an XTi/400D ($570 with 18-55 kit) might be the best bang for the buck, unless you desperately need the extra features of the 40D (metal body, higher frame rate in burst mode, interchangeable focus screen), or feel more comfortable getting the latest model in the line.
As for the best macro lens for your current camera? Probably the $450 EF 100mm f/2.8 USM Macro. The EF-S 60mm Macro won't mount on a film camera, and the 50mm Compact Macro is only 1:2 magnification, not 1:1.
However, I'd actually advocate getting the non-macro EF 50mm f/1.8 II, and adding a set of extension tubes. The tubes can still come in handy after you've bought a macro lens, and won't degrade image quality because there aren't any glass elements (they're just hollow tubes with mount contacts). The Pro Optic set is $85 at Adorama (when they have them in stock), and the 50mm f/1.8 is about $85 on Amazon.
You won't have much framing capability (you can only focus at a specific distance from the subject), but you can get very close:
And the 50mm f/1.8 II is a good portrait/available light lens as well as being the lowest price lens Canon offers.